Genetic Maps Of Europe

Europe has always been a melting pot of a wide range of diverse and unique civilisations, cultures, and languages. Genetic studies clearly reveal those things and showcase the formation of the European nations as we know them today. The peoples of these nations are formed themselves from a mixture of other ethnic groups which once inhabited a certain territory and afterwards left a trace on a country’s history (be it a cultural one, a linguistic one or even the genetic one we are actually speaking about).

To better understand the history of all European peoples and their culture, one must undoubtedly take a closer look at the very grain of their origins and so to analyse the process of ethnogenesis. In terms of genetics, a nation is characterised by two types of haplogroups: Y-chromosomal (stemming from the paternal side) and the mtDNA (mithocondrial DNA stemming from the maternal side).

Following the migration of mankind from Prehistoric times onwards, here’s a list with the Y-DNA haplogroup types that went on to develop and disperse in both Asia and Europe on through the time’s passing:

  • K haplogroup – originated 40,000 years ago (most likely in northern Iran);
  • T – originated 30,000 years ago (along the Red Sea coastlines and/or around the Persian Gulf);
  • J – originated 30,000 years ago (in the Middle East);
  • R – originated 28,000 years ago (in Central Asia);
  • E1b1b – originated 26,000 years ago (in Northeast Africa);
  • I – originated 25,000 years ago (in the Balkans);
  • J1 – originated 20,000 years ago (in the Taurus/Zagros mountains);
  • J2 – originated 19,000 years ago (in northern Mesopotamia);
  • E-M78 – originated 18,000 years ago (in north-eastern Africa);
  • R1b – originated 18,000 years ago (along the Caspian Sea coastline and/or Central Asia);
  • R1a – originated 17,000 years ago (in southern Russia);
  • G – originated 17,000 years ago (in the Middle East);
  • I2 – originated 17,000 years ago (in the Balkans);
  • E-V13 – originated 15,000 years ago (in the southern Levant or North Africa);
  • I2b – originated 13,000 years ago (in Central Europe);
  • N1c1 – originated 12,000 years ago (in Siberia);
  • E-M81 – originated 11,000 years ago (in Northwest Africa);
  • I2a – originated 11,000 years ago (in the Balkans);
  • G2a – originated 11,000 years ago (in the Levant or Anatolia);
  • R1b1b2 – originated 10,000 years ago (north or south of the Caucasus);
  • I2b1 – originated 9,000 years ago (in Germany);
  • I2a1 – originated 8,000 years ago (in Southwest Europe);
  • I2a2 – originated 7,500 years ago (in Southeast Europe);
  • I1 – originated 5,000 years ago (in Scandinavia);
  • R1b-L21 – originated 4,000 years ago (in Central or Eastern Europe);
  • R1b-S28 – originated 3,500 years ago (around the Alps);
  • R1b-S21 – originated 3,000 years ago (in Frisia or Central Europe);
  • I2b1a – originated less than 3,000 years ago (in Britain).

Source for the classification and origins of the Y-DNA haplogroups above: eupedia.com

Below are a series of maps which highlight the distribution of haplogroups in modern European nations. Firstly, here are the Y-DNA maps:

Detailed map of Europe depicting dominant Y-DNA haplogroups. image source: www.commons.wikimedia.org

Detailed map of Europe depicting dominant Y-DNA haplogroups. Image source: Wikimedia Commons

Pie charts showcasing the distribution of each major Y-DNA haplogroup in modern European peoples. Image source: link

Pie charts showcasing the distribution of each major Y-DNA haplogroup in modern European peoples. Image source: link

Combined Germanic Y-DNA haplogroups. Image source: www.eupedia.com

Combined Germanic Y-DNA haplogroups. Image source: www.eupedia.com

Combined Italo-Celtic Y-DNA haplogroups. Image source: www.eupedia.com

Combined Italo-Celtic Y-DNA haplogroups. Image source: www.eupedia.com

Estimated distribution of Y-DNA haplogroups 2000 years ago in Europe. Image source: link

Estimated distribution of Y-DNA haplogroups 2000 years ago in Europe. Image source: www.slovio.com

Dominant Y-DNA haplogroup by nation in Europe. Image source: slovio.com

Dominant Y-DNA haplogroup by nation in Europe. Image source: link

Secondly, here are some autosomal DNA maps:

Admixture map of Neolithic European farmers. Image source: www.eupedia.com

Admixture map of Neolithic European farmers. Image source: www.eupedia.com

North Eurasian admixture map. Image source: www.eupedia.com

North Eurasian admixture map. Image source: www.eupedia.com

West European Hunter-Gatherer admixture map. Image source: www.eupedia.com

West European Hunter-Gatherer admixture map. Image source: www.eupedia.com

Northwest European admixture. Image source: www.eupedia.com

Northwest European admixture. Image source: www.eupedia.com

Recently, a group of experts from Oxford University and University College in London published an interactive genetic map where you can discover the admixture of the world’s populations during the last 4,000 years.

You can also watch the following momondo video on genetic tests on Youtube:

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22 Responses to Genetic Maps Of Europe

  1. catherine says:

    Any maps for X or X2B?

  2. fla says:

    What’s got to do Lithuanians with Romania?

  3. CuJo in Calgary says:

    Intriguing research into the genetic distribution across Europe and western Asia. Looking forward to follow-up research.

  4. marathon16 says:

    Carried out from an English university, only 6 specimens from England, no clear indications for admixture! Looks too, uhm, biased?

  5. Bengalzona says:

    Haplogroup I is older the 5000 years. The division between I1 and I2 is estimated to have taken place approximately 28,000 years ago.

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  7. Krista says:

    Where are the mitochondrial haplogroups? They are as equally if not more important than the than the Y DNA haplogroups.
    I would like to see a map of the mitochondrial DNA haplogroups.

  8. Just says:

    Guys,

    Do you anything about H1c22? It is X DNA haplogroup. I am just wondering probably you know where this haplogroup dominates? Or probably you know anything from what X-DNA halpogroup types it consists of?

  9. N1C1 says:

    Your map is mistaken for Hungary. We are N1C1-s. Tested for it. I would consider repairing on the map. Our history has no origins with Russian roots.

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  11. Steve says:

    Why do you show the dominant Haplogroup of Austria as R1b while in this map its R1a? Either one of you must be wrong.

    https://brilliantmaps.com/the-genetic-map-of-europe/

    • Kaniel Outis says:

      Western Austria is R1b, and it is aligned to Switzerland and Bavaria, while Eastern Austria (which includes Vienna) is R1a, and it is aligned to Czechia, and Hungary.

    • Kaniel Outis says:

      The dominant haplogroup in Eastern Austria (Vienna, Lower Austria, Burgenland, Styria, and Carinthia) is R1a, while in the west it is R1b.

  12. Valentin pie says:

    I2b îs illirians thracians??

  13. Thereshould B Onednatestforeveryone says:

    If haplogroups relate to the maternal and paternal lines, I’m thinking that would be so far back as to be one millionth or billionth of one’s DNA potentially. About like a surname (through the mother or father’s line) which has remained unchanged and unbroken for a very long time. However I’d like to know more about full DNA results for the same areas, possibly from some of the largest testing companies, by themselves, or if possible a combination. The autosomal maps are useful in this regard, and are far more helpful to individuals trying to make sense of their DNA results provided there is no evidence of ancestry from a certain part or parts of the Earth during the last few centuries. My Heritage for example… although some of the “old world” countries showing significant returns for Mesoamerican and Andean ethnicity are rather perplexing in a way that can’t very well be explained by pre-Columbian migrations.
    https://www.myheritage.com/ethnicities/broadly-central-american/ethnicity-worldwide-distribution

  14. Kaniel Outis says:

    The first map that comes from Wikipedia is a bogus map. It shows I1a as the dominant Y-haplogroup in Northeast Austria. This map is a doctored version of an actual map. I1a most certainly is not the most dominant Y-haplogroup in Northeast Austria. More males in this part of Austria possess either R1a or R1b. I1a exists among Austrian males, yet it is not a dominant Y-haplogroup in the region.In fact I2a is more prevalent in Eastern Austria, than I1a. I am sure this map has been produced by Nordicists, who seem to have a fixation with Vienna. They see Vienna as some Nordic outpost in the center of Europe. Bavaria and Switzerland have far higher amounts of I1a in their male populations than Vienna does. According to Living DNA, Eastern Austria is not even in the Germanic autosomal region (part of the greater Northern European zone), it is in the Pannonian autosomal region (part of the greater Eastern European zone). Austria has the closest genetic similarity with Czechia (81.5%), followed by Germany (81%). Austria is genetically closer to Hungary than it is to Switzerland. Eastern Austria is also closer to Eastern Germany than Bavaria, given it has far higher amounts of R1a among males. The Austrian Nordicists will continue to delude themselves by fudging maps to show that they are a Scandinavian outpost in Central Europe. The reality is the West Slavic subcade of R1a is far higher in Vienna than both R1b-U106 and I1a.

  15. Amber lighet says:

    Interesting, so, the R1b on the coast of Norway was not Norse?

  16. Basile Balise says:

    What is the idea behind the map with the dominant haplogroup by country? Haplogroup work according to borders?

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